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Juan Bautista de Toledo : ウィキペディア英語版
Juan Bautista de Toledo

Juan Bautista de Toledo (c. 1515 - May 19, 1567) was Spanish architect. He was educated in Italy, in the Italian High Renaissance. As many Italian renaissance architects, he had experience in both architecture and military and civil public works. Born, either in Toledo or in Madrid around 1515.〔Juan Bautista de Toledo y Felipe II: la implantación del clasicismo en España | Rivera Blanco, José Javier | Universidad de Valladolid 1984.〕 He died May 19, 1567 in Madrid, and was buried in Madrid, in the choir of the primitive “Convento de Santo Tomás, Iglesia de la Santa Cruz”.
==Career==
Perhaps he started his career in architecture in Rome, between 1534 and 1541, working for Michelangelo and Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese), completing the facade and courtyard of Palazzo Farnese. Then, possibly, he continues his training in the construction site of St. Peter's, under the direction of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger. Another hypothesis is that he worked for Antonio da Sangallo the Younger in both Fortaleza da Basso, FlorenceArchitectural Drawings of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and His Circle: Fortifications, Machines and Festival Architecture | Vol 1 | Christoph L. Frommel, Adams Nicholas (Eds.) | February 1994 |The MIT Press.〕 and St. Peter’s Basilica of Rome.〔Juan Bautista de Toledo y Juan de Herrera | Secundino de Zuazo Ugalde | Fundación Pastor.〕
Juan Bautista de Toledo, an enigmatic and puzzling personality, was known in Florence〔Unpublished paper of Agustin Bustamante Garcia on Juan Bautista de Toledo at Florence.〕〔Architectural Drawings of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and His Circle: Fortifications, Machines and Festival Architecture | Vol 1 | Christoph L. Frommel, Nicholas Adams (Eds.) | February 1994 |The MIT Press.〕 and Rome as Giovanni Battista de Alfonsis. However, in Naples and Madrid, he was identified as Juan Bautista de Toledo: both Spanish architects had the same hand writing.〔Juan Bautista de Toledo y Felipe II: la implantación del clasicismo en España | Rivera Blanco, José Javier | 1954.〕 Perhaps, his true name was Juan Bautista de Toledo Alfonsis.

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